Chapter 7: JSP/Servlets Information
CHAPTER ONE -
General Features
1.1)
OVERVIEW
1.1.1) Domain Name Usage
& Activation
Web-Architect handles all
domain name registration documentation and filings
with InterNIC (Network Solutions) for you. You
need not do anything in regards to you domain name
registration except to confirm the domain
registration or transfer request when they email
for your approval. Domain name registrations and
transfers normally take 24-72 hours from the time
you apply for your Web-Architect account,
until the time the registration is completed. If
you do not confirm the transfer of the domain
name, your registration will be delayed until such
time that you do such. If you do not have access
to the email address that InterNIC has on file for
your account, if it is already registered (not
applicable to new accounts), you may need to fax
them instead. Web-Architect will supply you wih
all necessary details required for the fax
documentation. Once your domain name is activated,
you will be able to use yourname.com instead of
your IP number. We highly recommend that you use
yourname.com instead of your assigned IP number.
As our customer base grows, it is very possible
that your domain might be moved from one machine
to another, thus changing your IP address from
time to time. Accounts that do not come with
static IPs can be accessed in the following methos
for HTTP
access:
http://Web-Architect.net/~username
FTP
access is gained via logging into Web-Architect.net
OR the server's main IP address, with your
assigned username and password, until such time
that your own domain name is activated. Non-Domain
name accounts, such as yourname.Web-Architect.net,
have no waiting period for name activation.
Note that InterNIC charges
$35/year for every domain. When you first apply
for a domain, InterNIC will bill $70.00 for the
first two years.
Foreign extension domain
names are also available (ie...cc, nu, de, il, us,
nl), however you may need to assist us with the
foreign language required to contact the
registration NIC for that extension.
1.1.2) Company Contact
Info
Email Contact
Info:
Sales Dept: service@web-architect.net
Support
Dept: techsupport@web-architect.net
Billing
Dept: billing@web-architect.net
Internic
Related: domains@web-architect.net
Administration:
president@web-architect.net
Emergency:
hfw@web-architect.net
Webmaster:
webmaster@web-architect.net
Mailing
Address:
307-450 Victoria Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9A 6T7, Canada
Please
include the login name and/or domain name you are
referring to when you write to support. We can't
yet tell from your e-mail address, unless we
happen to remember working with you before, and we
may need to know in order to help. If appropriate,
tell us exactly what file(s) you are referring
to.
1.2) WHAT DO YOU
OFFER?
Web-Architect offers storage
space for web pages with global public access to
those pages over the Internet. We also offer a
limited form of program execution known as
"cgi-bin". Our computers are Pentium III, or
Pentium IV, class machines running the latest
version of Apache web server software over the
latest release of the Red Hat Linux operating
system. Apache responds to web page fetch requests
from remote browsers while Linux is one of several
variants of the Unix operating system.
1.2.1) Web
space
Every
customer gets his own password protected username
under Linux. By logging in to his username, the
customer gains access to his web storage space.
Every username "owns" a structure of disk
subdirectories in the Linux file system. The
"root" of this structure is the "home" directory,
found at path "/home/username". Note that this is
somewhat similar to the MS-DOS directory
structure, except that there is no drive letter
and forward slashes are used instead of backward
slashes.
Inside the home directory is
a subdirectory named "public_html". Every customer
has his own separate "public_html" subdirectory.
Files placed in "public_html" are visible to
remote browsers over the Internet. As many clients
are used to having their main directory refered to
as "www", we have created another directory as
such. When www is attempted to be accessed, the
directory is automatically redirected to the
correct public_html directory.
For
example, when a browser asks for URL
http://yourname.com/page.html, Apache looks for
the file /home/username/public_html/page.html and
sends it out. If you have not registered
"yourdomain.com" with InterNIC and specified
Web-Architect as its domain server, then the remote
browser must ask for URL
http://Web-Architect.net/~username/page.html to get
the page, or the static IP number that you were
supplied. Please be advised that static IPs may
change from time to time, due to server
re-arrangements that sometimes are necessary.
Username/logins are always the first 8 digits of
your domain name, or the the domain name itself if
it is less than 8 digits.
Example:
The
username for yourdomain.com would be
"yourdoma".
The username for here.com would be
"here".
Passwords are always 4-10 digits in
length, as supplied by you.
Now
that we know where the files have to be located in
order to be visible from the Internet, just how do
we put the files there? There are several ways,
depending on the local computer.
For
the MacIntosh, a program called "Fetch" is used.
Documentation on Fetch is not yet available.
However, note that the binary mode referred to
throughout the manual corresponds to the 'raw'
mode in Fetch.
For MS-DOS systems,
communications programs such as ProComm emulate
dumb terminals for connection to Linux.
(See 1.2.1.1.)
For UNIX systems, use rlogin to
connect. (See 1.2.1.2)
For Microsoft Windows systems, use
FTP (See 1.2.1.3). This is the easiest
method.
1.2.1.1) MS-DOS Dumb
Terminal Access
Set up your
dumb terminal program under MS-DOS to connect to
your local access provider. Log into your UNIX
shell account and the use rlogin to get to your
Web-Architect userid.
Now follow the procedures
under 1.2.1.2
immediately
below.
1.2.1.2) UNIX Shell
Access
After you have used rlogin to
get to your Web-Architect userid, you should be at
the shell prompt in your home directory. Type
cd www to enter your www directory. Then
use rz to upload files into your www directory.
Please don't upload web files into your home
directory!
One
way to update pages is to enter your account with
the command rlogin -8 -l user
Web-Architect.net where user is your
userid. This enables 8 bit access so zmodem can
work. (Note this is the letter l, not the number
1.) Then type rz -a to upload a file or
files to your directory. Type rz -ao if you
wish to overwrite a file that is already there.
You can edit files offline using a DOS editor and
then upload them and test them before going
offline.
The advantage of this over ftping
is that you can then immediately run other shell
commands after the files have been transfered. For
example, you may wish to use lynx to test them or
mail to send someone mail.
Note
that the sequence rlogin -8 -l user
Web-Architect.net plus typing in your
password SHOULD be done via a modem script. You
really don't want to be typing this stuff on a
daily basis. Name your script Web-Architect.
(Just be sure that the disk
where your script is kept is physically
guarded.)
1.2.1.3) MS Windows
Access
This
method is nearly intuitive and almost idiot-proof.
You need an FTP program, many of which are
available at Download.com. We recommend CuteFTP or
WS_ftp.
Then double-click on the FTP icon.
This will bring up a "session profile" form. Under
hostname, fill in your domain name
(yourdomain.com, for example). Under username,
fill in your username. Under password, put in your
Web-Architect password. Make sure the checkbox for
"Anonymous Login" is CLEARED.
At
the bottom of the form, under "initial
directories", you may specify which directories
you want to work with on your local system and on
your Web-Architect system. Under "remote host",
specify /home/username/public_html. Under "local
PC", specify the DOS path where your web files are
located.
Hit
the OK button. This will cause you to be connected
to your Web-Architect acount. The right side of the
screen will show the files in your public_html
directory while the left side will show your local
PC files. To send a file from your local PC to
your Web-Architect public_html directory, click on
the file you want to send and then click on the
right arrow button. To send a file the other way,
click on the left arrow button.
You will see two option radio
buttons under the right window labeled "ASCII" and
"Binary". For all text files, including html
files, and perl cgi programs, be sure to select
"ASCII" so the end-of-line conventions are handled
correctly. Graphic/image files and sound files
should be transferred in binary
mode
1.2.1.4) The "home" page
and HTML
The
filename of your home page should be index.htm or
index.html. You must try them both, for each
account may be set up differently., however, one
of the two is sure to work. The web server will
automatically send the file at path
/home/username/public_html/index.htm or
/home/username/public_html/index.html when a
browser specifies
http://yourdomain.com.
To learn how to write HTML,
get Laura LeMay's books "Web Publishing with HTML
in a Week", and "More Web Publishing with HTML in
a Week" . Both are published by SAMS. Then find
out about the latest Netscape
extensions.
1.2.2) FTP
Space
All
accounts, except non static IP accounts, come
preset up with an ANONYMOUS ftp area where files
can be uploaded or downloaded by anyone in the
world without a password. This area is necessarily
separate from web space and password protected ftp
space for obvious reasons. If you want both upload
and download anonymous ftp, you may want a
read-only subdirectory for distributing files and
a separate write-only subdirectory for receiving
files. This is to prevent files that you are
distributing from being destroyed accidentally,
and to prevent files uploaded to you from being
distributed to others before you examine them. The
location of this directory is
/home/username/public_ftp/
Thru the browser control
panel, you may also set up individual logins for
extra FTP users, whom can have acces to a special
subdirectory of your public_html directory. See
the control panel instructions for informatioon
how to go about this.
1.2.3) Telnet/SSH
Account
A
telnet/ssh account is just another name for a
Unix/Linux username. You need at least one to be
able to upload/download your html files. When you
sign up with Web-Architect, you get a username and
password. You may ask for more than one such
username. Regular accounts include one, Additional
setups are available for an additional
charge.
Multiple telnet/ssh accounts
are useful when more than one staff member will be
working on the domain. You may wish to set it up
so that different accounts have different security
levels. For example, you could make it so only one
telnet account could access your listserver data.
For those of you wishing sophisticated access
control, we will be happy to create additional
groups for your domain. That may not make sense to
those of you who are not Unix veterans, but it can
allow you to have one account able to access only
one directory while your others can access all
directories, including that one.
Some
of the programs available at the shell prompt are
mail, a primitive email program, and
pine, a much more powerful email program,
ftp, to FTP onto other sites,
telnet, to telnet onto other sites, and
lynx, a text-only WWW browser, pico,
an easy to use text editor.
NOTE: Telnet is disabled due security
reasons - Please use SSH
access.
1.2.6) Cgi-bin
Access
"CGI"
stands for "Common Gateway Interface", a fancy
name meaning computer programs running on the web
server that can be invoked from a WWW page at the
browser. The "bin" part alludes to the binary
executables that result from compiled or assembled
programs. It is a bit misleading because cgis can
also be Unix shell scripts or interpreted
languages like Perl.
A
typical use for cgi is the processing of online
forms. When the user fills in the boxes on the
form and hits the SUBMIT button, the cgi program
specified in the html will be run at the server,
and the information in the boxes become available
to the program as parameters. The program, being a
program, can then do anything the programmer
wanted it to do.
"cgiemail", for example, is a
canned program written in C that gathers up the
contents of the boxes on the form and emails them
to a specified destination, then sends a WWW page
confirming the action.
"imagemap" is another common
use for cgi. Here, the X-Y coordinates of the
pointer on an image are correlated with a
specification table, so that clicking on different
parts of the image will result in different links
being followed.
Other cgis might ask for a
password, check the password, then access a
database for requested information. What it does
is up to the programmer, but we do ask that the
cgis are reasonable in their usage of CPU time and
memory. While we do not require that they be
submitted for approval first, out of control
programs that hog the CPU and system resources
will be hunted down and killed by our system
monitors.
Standard pre-installed system
cgis reside in the Web-Architect public cgi-sys
subdirectory. Your presonal cgis reside in a web
subdirectory named cgi-bin directory under your
public_html directory. If your domain is named
company.com, you would then access your scripts as
http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin, while the
pre-installed system scripts are located at
http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-sys. You may need to
set up the preinstalled scripts thru your browser
control panel to see the correct HTML that is used
for such. The browser control panel will walk you
thru the simple processes.
See
chapter four for more
details on CGI.
1.2.10) Real Audio( Server
& Real Video( Server
Real( Servers
are real time audio and/or
video transmission/playing systems. A digital
audio or video stream is transmitted from the
server over the internet to the destination and
played immediately, rather than being stored to
disk first and then played. With this feature,
visitors to your website need not wait for several
minutes, or longer, to listen to an audio file, or
view a video file, while the large file is
downloading. With Real( technology, the
audio/video starts playing from the first few
bytes of data that is downloaded. This is called
streaming technology.
Each
Real( audio or video file you wish to transmit
requires two files: a metafile with extension
.ram, and the digital audio or video clip itself,
with extension .ra. The .ram file holds one or
more lines of ASCII text, each of which references
the .ra file to be played when the .ram file is
accessed by the browser.
Entries in .ram files have
the form:
http://yourdomain.com/realaudio/filename.ra
or
http://yourdomain.com/realvideo/filename.ra
Place your .ram and .ra files
in the realaudio, or realvideo, subdirectory under
your public_html directory.
.ram
files must be uploaded in ASCII mode while .ra
files must be uploaded in BINARY mode.
You
may then access these files at
http://www.yourdomain.com/realaudio/filename.ram
or
http://www.yourdomain.com/realvideo/filename.ram
1.2.13) Capture Mail for
Domain
Thru the browser control
panel, you can configure your account to redirect
all mail for your domain to arive at one email
address. You may also configure all mail not
specified otherwise to arrive at the "default"
address. If no mail address is specified to
capture all your non-specified mail, the mail will
automatically default to your account username
mailbox.
1.2.14) Web-Architect SMTP
Mail Server(tm)
Only
Web-Architect has the sophisticated Web-Architect SMTP
Mail Server(tm) mailing system. In addition to
being able to have nearly unlimited
auto-responders by simply adding text files to
your browser control panel, you can also redirect
mail for everyone in your domain by simply
clicking a few buttons.
Auto-Responder
Example
A
auto-responder is set up thru the browser control
panel with the email address of
help@yourdomain.com and says: We offer you
help. Mail to help@yourdomain.com
will return the message "We offer you
help".
These messages can be
any size, even 100K!
Alias/Forwarding
Example
Set up
thru the browser control panel mail from
"fred@yourdomain.com" to be redirected to
"73452.452@compuserve.com ", by simply clicking a
button This would redirect mail for
fred@yourdomain.com to 73452.452@compuserve.com,
etc.
Mail to a user that was
not set up as a pop account, nor as a
alias/forwarder, would be sent to the default
user
1.3) How Do I Use This
Program?
Note
that with the exception of the description of using
Eudora, the
commands you are told to type in this section
assume you have logged on to the Web-Architect server
with telnet or rlogin.
1.3.1) Mail Related
Items
1.3.1.1)
Mail
READING
- Type mail to see if you have any mail. If you
have any mail hit enter multiple times and all
your messages will be displayed.
SENDING - type mail -s
"juice" Web-Architect@Web-Architect.net<juice.msg to
send the message juice.msg with the subject juice
to Web-Architect@Web-Architect.net.
Type mail -s
"juice" Web-Architect@Web-Architect.net
juice is good
. to send the message juice is
good with the subject juice to
Web-Architect@Web-Architect.net
Type mail
Web-Architect@Web-Architect.net juice
is good . to send the message juice is
good with no subject to
Web-Architect@Web-Architect.com
1.3.1.2)
pine
Type
pine to enter a more advanced mail
program.
Type
L to select Folder List and then inbox to see what
messages that you have received.
The
rest of this program is quite easy to use. Why use
mail instead? Mail has the advantage that it is
easy to send files that you composed off line plus
it is easy to read many files at once into a log
file that you then read off line.
1.3.1.3) Eudora is a mail
program that runs under MS
Windows.
Eudora
connects to the mail server over the Winsock. Mail
may be composed and read offline, but make sure
that Winsock is running before attempting to send
or receive mail.
After Eudora has been
installed, it must be configured to point to the
Web-Architectmail server. To do this, start Eudora
and select "Special" from the menu bar. Then
select "Settings". Most of the options are self
explanatory.
- Leave the entries for PH,
and Finger blank.
- Fill in
username@yourdomain.com for your POP account
(username replaced with your username and
yourdomain.com replaced with your domain
name).
- Fill in SMTP server as
mail.yourdomain.com, where yourdomain.com is
replaced with your domain name. Note: Some ISPs
will not let you use any other SMTP server other
than their own, so you may have to use your ISPs
mail server instead. Contact your ISP for
information as to the location of their mail
server.
- Under advanced network
features, select 90 seconds for your network
timeout.
- The option save password
should be checked.
- The authentication style
should be password option.
- Under connection method, do
not check the offline option.
If you have multiple email
addresses, you can install a separate copy of
Eudora for each email address. Newer versions of
Eudora allow for multiple personalities. You can
enter each POP/Login email account as a separate
personality and download mail from all or some of
these accounts at the same time.
Eudora "Light" is freeware
offered by Qualcom and can be downloaded over the
net. Eudora "Pro" must be purchased. Search for
Eudora under Yahoo for details
on how to obtain a copy.
1.3.2) Managing the Linux
Account
1.3.2.1) Symbolik Links
(redirecting file access)
To link one file to another in the
same directory:
Type ln -s fred.htm index.htm
to redirect all file accesses from index.htm to
the file fred.htm , while you are in that
directory.
To
link a file in your current directory to a file in
another directory:
Type ln -s
/home/username/public_html/directory/joe.htm
index.htm to redirect all file accesses from
index.htm to the file fred.htm in the other
directory, while you are in the index.htm
directory.
1.3.2.2) passwd (changing
your password)
Type
passwd to change your password. Or type passwd
username to change that of one of your ftp users
or pop accounts. You may also change your
passwords thru the control panel.
1.3.2.3)
zip/unzip
Type zip to zip files and
unzip to unzip files. This program is compatible
with the zip program for DOS. For example:
$ zip myzip file1
file2 file3
This puts the files
file1, file2, and file3 into a new zip archive
called myzip.zip. On the other hand, if you had
the archive myzip.zip and wanted to get back the
files:
$ unzip
myzip
Typing zip or
unzip by itself will give you a usage
summary, showing nearly all the options
availible.
1.3.2.4) du (disk
usage)
The Unix command
du -s directory shows how much disk space is
used by a directory and everything below it.
However, you may also check such on the front of
your browser control panel for a pre-calculated
figure.
If you have an
anonymous FTP area, also check du -s
/home/username/public_ftp to see how much space
your anonymous FTP users are using.
